Care leavers’ transitions to independence

Emotional support for care leavers

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Why emotional support is important for care leavers 

Care leavers described emotional support as essential for coping with the pressures of leaving care, dealing with past trauma, and managing day to day challenges without the safety nets other young people might have. They said emotional support wasn’t just about talking through feelings, it was about having someone who listened, understood their life experiences, and didn’t disappear when things got difficult. For many care leavers, emotional support shaped whether they felt ready to transition to adulthood. Without adequate emotional support, young people said they felt isolated, overwhelmed, or left to cope alone.

Hope did not receive any emotional support and said she had always been her own support system.

Hope did not receive any emotional support and said she had always been her own support system.

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I, even to this day, like, I still have not received any emotional support. All that support’s come from myself. Like, I’m very much… have been my own support system, and, I, you know, I just… I do think I’m an incredibly resilient person like I’ve, yeah… I just think I can, I can bounce back from things. I do, yeah.

Laks described how she was still processing the trauma from her childhood.

Laks described how she was still processing the trauma from her childhood.

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So, a life story book is... so basically when you reach 18, you have access to more information about just why you’re in foster care and more like the files that come along with it. Unfortunately I actually don’t have that much information in my files, which is stuff that I don’t already know, but there was some stuff and my social worker created a book for me basically, just recalling all the steps which led to me being in foster care, which was very eye-opening for me, actually. And yeah, like I’m glad that I got it when I did, and not earlier, because I definitely would not have been able to process it, and it’s still something that I’m processing to this day, I’d say. But again, you know, you need exposure to heal, right? So, I’m very... especially because again I grew up in [city], so they would have had to have gone to [city] to access that information, which is very nice of them.

Who provided emotional support 

Care leavers relied on a wide network of people, not just professionals like their personal advisers, to meet their emotional needs:

Friends were one of the most consistent sources of emotional support. Young people described friends who listened, noticed changes in their mood, and supported them through crises.

Chloe described how her most effective support came from those with similar experiences.

Chloe described how her most effective support came from those with similar experiences.

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I think the counsellor is one big thing, and also I really appreciated living in a building with sixty other people who had been through the same thing that I had. Whether it was homelessness or like they had been in care. They, sort of, we were all sort of estranged from our families in different circumstances. So, I made friends through that way. I’m still friends with some of them that had gone off to uni, or whatever. Who I still sort of keep in touch with today. We had that traumatic experience together. We all lived in the accommodation together. It was a little friendship sort of trauma bond I’d say we all understood it, and helped each other through. That was another big form of support I would say. And even now I’m at university I think my closest friends are the ones who are estranged, or they are care leavers, or have been through that sort of family trauma, whether it’s having a parent with severe mental health illness or it’s those who have also been young carers.

Partners and partners’ families sometimes provided the stability and reassurance that young people felt they lacked elsewhere.

Laks said her boyfriend and his family were incredible and gave her the support she needed.

Laks said her boyfriend and his family were incredible and gave her the support she needed.

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Like I know that if I had an issue, I could turn to any of them and they would emotionally support me. I’m very fortunate as well that my boyfriend is like the most supportive person ever, and his family are incredible. So yeah, I do have that support. But then also I think one thing I really struggle with as a care leaver is it’s not stability, you know like the thing with a family, obviously every family situation is different, but like how I see a family is it doesn’t have to be your biologically related people, it’s people who you could depend on and have that stability with. And I think that’s something as a care leaver I struggle with because it’s like, yeah, friendships are great, but a friendship can end. You know, like you can fall out with a friend at any time, you can... a relationship can breakdown, you know? Boyfriends come and go, you know? So, I think there’s always that constant worry of like: ‘OK, so how long is it gonna be till I’m alone again?’ You know: ‘how long’s it gonna be till I mess this up and not have that stability anymore?’ But I think my friends have like proven to me over the years that I don’t need to worry about that as much, so I’d say they’re my family,—

Charities and youth organisations offered counselling, mentoring, weekly cafes, and emotional check-ins that felt personal and reliable. Several young people said charities provided more emotional support than statutory services.

Richie tended to seek support from a charity when he needed it.

Richie tended to seek support from a charity when he needed it.

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There are other services, yeah, but I tend to just go to [Name of charity] because they’re more ideal, but there are like other services I can go to. Obviously there is social care, or there’s... what’s it called... I can’t remember what it’s called now: Citizens Advice, that’s the one, places like that, I... that I know of. I know... if I need the help, I know of them, but I just tend to go to [Name of charity] because they’ve had much better support than others.

Counsellors and therapists, when accessible, were important sources of emotional support. But experiences varied depending on whether the counsellor understood care experience.

Chloe was still supported by her sixth form counsellor because university services didn’t understand her experiences or the need for ongoing support.

Chloe was still supported by her sixth form counsellor because university services didn’t understand her experiences or the need for ongoing support.

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So, I have a counsellor. It’s actually the one that I had at 6th form. Once I got to College, they have a counsellor within my college, rather than the uni, main university service. And actually, I tried speaking to, she was really lovely, but again, it’s that issue where they don’t have that lived experience. It feels very like blanket approach. Sort of, I remember starting the session where she said ‘usually we give students three sessions and if they need more they can go to the wider university service’. And I finished telling her my circumstances and she went, ‘Yeah you can have unlimited counselling sessions.’ [Laughs] It was like, the fact that you sort of have to grapple for unlimited mental health support even though technically the university has already agreed to no cap on counselling is a bit rubbish. But I just found it wasn’t working out. She wasn’t really trained to understand the difficulties that care experience or estranged that it presents. So, I went back to my old counsellor who actually gives me sessions for free, given my kind of circumstances, which is really nice. So, yeah, that was the main sort of mental health support I think I’ve accessed. And then again, like I mentioned director of studies, who sort of, if you need any academic support, or if there is any support in college like vacation residences that I need help with, they will support and secure that.

Personal advisers and care staff sometimes provided emotional support, though this depended on the relationship and consistency of workers.  

No one: Some care leavers said they had nobody at all they could turn to.

Leilani said she had to fight to get mental health support.

Leilani said she had to fight to get mental health support.

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I think so. A lot of the support... like, I had to get a lot of mental health support and I had to get that myself; I’ve never had anyone, like, from the care system offer me help to do with my mental health. Like, my PA’s gotten me a mental health nurse, because I asked for one, but it’s not very consistent because I have to personally book a lesson... and book for when I can see her and it’s not like a prof... like, I’ll normally see her in a coffee shop and she’ll ask what’s going on, but it’s not really to do with, like, a professional doctor or mental health worker or any of that. And that’s the only support I’ve had to really, really fight for myself.

What emotional support looked like 

Care leavers described emotional support in several ways: 

Someone who listens without judgement 

Support felt genuine when people listened properly rather than offering scripted responses, or trying to apply theories or frameworks to young people’s lives.

Chloe felt that it was difficult for others to provide emotional support if they didn’t have any understanding of what care leavers had been through.

Chloe felt that it was difficult for others to provide emotional support if they didn’t have any understanding of what care leavers had been through.

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So, I was quite used to living independently because I essentially lived with my grandpa but I was very independent there. So, the transition wasn’t too bad. I just think it, we essentially had our own flat and I was completely alone. Like my grandpa wasn’t there at that point. So, it was really isolating and I was quite lonely. I struggled with mental health during that time. I think my support worker wasn’t really helpful. The support was kind of just either, “keep your spirits up you’ll be fine”, mostly. I appreciate the support that was there. It just, there was no real understanding. Support workers have no lived experience of what it was like, and so it made it quite difficult. I found the counsellors and the team at CAMHS, and the safeguarding leads, they have no lived experience what it was like, and it was really difficult to resonate and really get that support. And it was only when I found my counsellor at college, who had actually lived in a foyer like I did when they were younger, and also homeless, I thought, oh I finally feel heard. It was really nice, and that was the first sort of time I really felt supported. So, yeah.

Being checked on 

Regular messages or visits outside of any statutory requirements showed young people they were cared about and not forgotten.

Richie didn’t feel well supported. He felt that his housing provider should check in and counselling should be offered in a private setting.

Richie didn’t feel well supported. He felt that his housing provider should check in and counselling should be offered in a private setting.

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That’s the housing provider I’m with now, they don’t have accurate information and I get next to no support at all. They practically... they don’t even check on me to see if I’m all right, and I... like you’re meant to have keywork sessions and house meetings, which I’ve only had one keywork session since I’ve lived here, and I’ve lived here about three months. And I was offered counselling with them, but that was only temporary until I started the [name of service] recently. But even then, the counselling wasn’t ideal because we’re just sitting in my living room where it wasn’t really private, where with [name of service] they can take you out, you can go get a drink somewhere and... or just go out, go for a walk, or whatever. So, it’s more ideal for me ’cause it’s more private. Or they’d even... if I went... if I really need it, they would rent a room for me, like a private room somewhere, so like it’s more ideal for me. So, when I’m speaking about something that’s really deep, or upsetting, I can have it private, where when it’s in my household, and I’ve got... there’ll be five other lads living with me, it’s not private and it’s not like you’re gonna wanna know your whole household to know your... know what’s going on.

Understanding shared experience 

Care leavers valued support from people who had experienced and understood trauma, mental health struggles, or care experience. 

Help during crises 

Support included staying up with them during late-night panic, offering a safe space after placement breakdowns, or supporting them after difficult events. 

Practical help to manage emotional impact 

Practical tasks were often acts of emotional support, such as helping with housing difficulties, attending appointments together, or stepping in with day-to-day help when things felt overwhelming.  

Consistency and reliability 

Care leavers stressed the importance of people who didn’t disappear at short notice and who offered stable, ongoing support.

Wren would seek support from her dad or her PA as they were both reliable.

Wren would seek support from her dad or her PA as they were both reliable.

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I’d say my dad, but recently I think this whole situation of being in foster care’s... has damaged him more than it’s damaged me. So, like I go to him about my issues in general and he’s always there to support us, so I go into my PA about any issues ’cause he’s obviously within the care system, and he’s supportive and reliable, so I’d probably go him as well.

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