Care leavers’ transitions to independence

Staying safe while moving on from care

Keeping young people safe after they turn 18 is sometimes called transitional safeguarding. Turning 18 does not mean that risks suddenly disappear. Some of the care leavers we spoke to said that their needs and situations stayed the same even though their support changed. Recognising that this gap in support can leave young people at risk is necessary to ensure their ongoing safety. Staying safe while moving on from care should mean local authorities planning ahead, share responsibility with other services, and make sure the young person's support does not stop just because of their age. 

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How protection and support dropped suddenly as young people turned 18 

Several care leavers told us that turning 18 led to an abrupt drop in safeguarding, even when their risks or needs remained high. Some said they were treated as vulnerable children one day and as fully independent adults the next. They described their risks and vulnerabilities, and how support disappeared overnight even though their needs had not changed. Some young people said social workers stayed involved because paperwork had not been completed on time, not because their needs were recognised. Others said responsibilities were passed between services, leaving no one clearly accountable for keeping them safe.

Hussain said he was classed as high-risk as a child, but as soon as he turned 18 those risks were no longer recognised and support stopped.

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Hussain said he was classed as high-risk as a child, but as soon as he turned 18 those risks were no longer recognised and support stopped.

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I think the other thing for me to add, actually, was the day before I turned 18, I was classed as high-risk county lines, high-risk child sexual exploitation, high-risk child criminal exploitation, high-risk honour-based violence, forced marriage, and there were something... oh, and I had an NRM [national referral mechanism] in place for being trafficked, and things like that. You know, I’m open to share all this, ’cause I think it’s important, you’re doing research, you should know all the facts. I was that vulnerable the day before, and then I turned 18, and it was like none of them vulnerabilities existed. I then did stay... I then did fight and stayed with a... in that particular accommodation where the local authority was paying for, for another... so [date] was my birthday, and I then left that property around about the [one month later], so... I know it’s only... and it might sound like only a month, but it was a long time to fight to stay somewhere.

Experiences of unsafe or inappropriate homes and environments after care

Many care leavers described being moved to housing that felt unsafe or unsuitable for their needs. This included an overall assumption and fear that care leavers were often moved to hostels with people who used drugs, or who were convicted criminals. One young person was placed in a hotel with an adult, despite still being a child themselves. Others said that professionals failed to consider their trauma, disabilities, medication, or safeguarding risks. Several young people described homes with violence, intimidation, or constant staff changes, and said that risks were known but not properly managed.

Winta was sent to the Home Office alone and placed in a hotel room with an adult for eight months until her birth certificate arrived proving she was a child. 

Winta was sent to the Home Office alone and placed in a hotel room with an adult for eight months until her birth certificate arrived proving she was a child. 

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I was put in a foster family for like two weeks. I was an asylum seeker at the time, and I didn’t really have documents proving my identity or my age. So, the [City 1] Council, the local council decided that since I did not have anything to prove my age, I was not a child, so they got me a ticket to [City 2] from [City 1] and said, “You need to go to [City 2], go to the Home Office and seek asylum from there, not from here,” so I had to leave. I was on my own and I was new to the country, that was like... and that was... yeah... So, I ended up going to the Home Office to seek asylum and it was a whole process. They had to do a lot of things, like get in touch with the [City 1] Council asking them: it’s not been proved what her age is, it’s all we’ve got is what she says, but you’ve sent her here alone, ’cause that’s not right.  The [City 1] Council didn’t really care about it much. So that was a really horrifying experience. But yeah, once I got to [City 2], I decided to seek asylum from there. I was put in a hotel with an adult for eight months, so I stayed in [City 2] for eight months. I got a solicitor in the meantime and he was dealing with my age dispute,  like getting in contact with [City 1] Council, and stuff, and after eight months, they finally managed to get my birth certificate from back home, and yeah, that’s how they proved I was indeed a child and decided to take me back to [City 1].

Care leavers experiences of not being informed, listened to, or supported to protect themselves

The care leavers we spoke to repeatedly said that they were not given important information that affected their safety, such as safeguarding concerns about carers, their rights and entitlements, or who they could contact in an emergency. Some said that they only learned key information by chance or after they had already experienced harm. Others described raising concerns that were dismissed, delayed, or made harder through a slow and obstructive complaints process. Many young people felt that they could have protected themselves better if they had known about their rights and entitlements earlier on in the leaving care process.

Jordan explained that a false allegation was sent to the Disclosure and Barring Service before it was investigated, putting him at risk and preventing him from working for two years.

Jordan explained that a false allegation was sent to the Disclosure and Barring Service before it was investigated, putting him at risk and preventing him from working for two years.

Age at interview: 24
Sex: Male
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I had a bit of difficulty because when I was at uni, I worked in a residential children’s home, and one of the young people made an allegation against me. The allegation was proven to be false,  but by the time it had been proven to be false, they had... the company had written to DBS, so DBS were wanting to put me on the barred list,  and they wrote to me and said, “Why shouldn’t you be on this list?” So, I wrote back, I gave my evidence and they said to me that they’d give me a reply within 10 days: 10 days turned into just under two years. So, there wasn’t anything that... because every time I was applying for stuff, it was flagged, and then I’d have to explain, and then once I’d explained they were just like, “Oh, well, we don’t really want to risk it.”

Oh, OK, so that put you in a limbo.

So that... yeah. So, I spent a year and a half to two years not being able to do much.

Megan said that she moved to a new carer but later found out their son had a conviction, leaving her to feel unsafe and unable to protect herself. 

Megan said that she moved to a new carer but later found out their son had a conviction, leaving her to feel unsafe and unable to protect herself. 

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I think ’cause it... again, it was a unique situation, ’cause not often you get that with foster families – usually they fall out – it ends ’cause of like arguments, or something, whereas this was just like, ‘we need to get you out of there.’ PA was not supportive in that placement, which is why I knew he was biased with the carer thing because he was like no... and like not supportive at all, if not made it worse by shouting at me sometimes and stuff like that.  So, I don’t know if... I had pathway planning meetings, but it all kind of happened so quick. So, like they knew he’d been convicted before I was told, but... and that was an issue that they... they didn’t tell me straightaway that he’d been convicted of being a paedophile, which they should have, ’cause that’s safeguarding. Like if I’d have known, I’d have been able to protect myself, but they were like... and the only reason they told me is ’cause it came out in the news.

And they should have told me because I was supposed to have no contact with him, and one time I needed to go the hospital, and in the hospital car park, the foster woman was like, “Shall we just ring my... my son up,” ’cause he was a health professional, “and he can tell you what’s wrong?” And this was when I was meant to have no contact with him.

And it was like if we’re in A&E car park, you do not need to ring your son. And it’s like ever since... like he got convicted, she brought him into the conversation more, and stuff like that, ’cause she tried to make it as normal as possible ’cause she loved him, and I’m like, “You shouldn’t even be fostering me ’cause like, what... what the fuck?” so... yeah.

How care leavers protected themselves when systems failed 

A few young people said they had to take responsibility for their own safety when systems failed. This included refusing to leave their homes when unlawfully evicted, quoting the law, getting advocates involved, and working with other care experienced young people to raise concerns. Some care leavers described organising complaints, gathering evidence, and not giving up until professionals took action.

Elijah described having to keep his room locked and his medication hidden after other young people he lived with asked to buy it.

Elijah described having to keep his room locked and his medication hidden after other young people he lived with asked to buy it.

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This placement was one of their block purchases, so it was only [placing authority], mostly [borough] young people that would be placed there. But what they don’t seem to understand when it comes to block purchase places is that a lot of the young people know each other because we’ve been in care together, or because of how small the borough is. We all knew each other before we even went into care, so a lot of our families knew each other, and that can create very interesting dynamics, but social services don’t really factor that in a lot of the time. So, at one point there was someone living there who I had grown up with and knew their family, so when their family would come round, I sometimes found it triggering being around their family, and that it was the social who didn’t really understand how to handle that a lot of the time because it is a very delicate situation, but they don’t seem to understand that. I think their response to it was just to try and stop everyone making friends, because they didn’t want people like, you know, tag teaming up against staff, or whatever, but you’re not gonna be able to stop people making friends when they’ve grown up with each other and already been friends most our lives.

 

Like when I moved in, there was someone living there that I’d known for years, and at one point there was about two or three people living there that I’d known way before I even came into care. But also the young people living there when I first moved there, all of them, from what I can remember, were dealing with some level of drug issues, and I’ve never been involved with drugs. So, I was the only one in the house who wasn’t on drugs, which can be a very interesting predicament to be in. Especially because at the time I was on co-dydramol for my hypermobility, so I was in a difficult position because the young people knew, a couple of them knew, that I was on pain medication, and had been in my room, so had seen that I was on co-dydramol. So, I actually had young people asking me to sell them my co-dydramol – never did – but they would ask me. And it made me feel really unsafe because then I was like, I needed to make sure that my room was always locked, and that I didn’t ever accidently leave my medication in the kitchen, or something.

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