Care leavers’ transitions to independence

Personal advisers for care leavers

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What personal advisers are meant to do 

Personal advisers are meant to guide care leavers through their transition out of care, help them plan for adulthood, and support them with their housing, education, employment, money, and wellbeing. Young people described personal advisers as potentially one of the most important relationships when leaving care, but their experiences varied widely. Some had stable, caring advisers who knew them well and supported them to reach their goals. Others felt they were left without consistent help, didn’t know who their personal adviser was, or struggled with being re-assigned to different personal advisers many times, limiting support.

Chereece’s personal adviser helped her move and decorate her home, use her grant wisely, and checked in on her weekly.

Chereece’s personal adviser helped her move and decorate her home, use her grant wisely, and checked in on her weekly.

Age at interview: 22
Sex: Female
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So, from 17 I had a leaving care team worker as I transitioned from care, child in care to care leaver, and I started to get to know her. She supported me whilst I was out of area, and then she supported me into my house, worked alongside my social worker. She helped me decorate, and she helped me spend my grant on things for the property. She would check in on a weekly basis. I’ve actually got a really good relationship with her. So, I speak to her now even though she’s not a leaving care team worker. I received quite a bit of support from the local leaving care team. To the point where I currently still work with them in a care leaver support forum. 

Claire’s personal adviser helped her make professional connections and helped her move her belongings. 

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Claire’s personal adviser helped her make professional connections and helped her move her belongings. 

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So, my placement module for next year, for uni, my PA is helping us connect with the manager at the youth offending team for [county], so that’s massively helpful, and obviously I know he’s helping us move all of like my belongings and stuff down.

What made a good personal adviser 

Good personal advisers stood out for their reliability, warmth, understanding, and practical help. These personal advisers were described as: 

Consistent and in contact 

Some personal advisers visited often, checked in weekly, and made sure the young person always knew how to reach them.

Alex appreciated his personal adviser messaging him most mornings.

Alex appreciated his personal adviser messaging him most mornings.

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I am meeting my PA every, once a week. So, every... yeah.

OK. So how is that relationship?

That’s pretty good, to be fair. I mean we... we laugh, we have... we have a chat. I mean, she does her job and I do mine, huh.

I mean, are you asking for any support from her, or anything else?

I... well, I’m, not at the moment, but when I say she is there, she is a hundred percent on board with what I need help with, all the time.

But she... it sounds like she checks up on you quite a lot, so, you know, you can ask—?

Yeah, I’ll probably receive a... I’ll almost most likely receive a message almost every single morning from my PA just checking up on me.

Oh, OK, OK. And does that feel supportive to you, or are... or does it feel like, you know, I don’t know, annoy... irritating or something, or whatever?

I just... I’m not overly fussed because for me, [erm] obviously, as I said earlier, I live on my own, so the people that live in the house with me, aren’t really... I’m not very well acquainted with them.

So obviously communication with people I know is brilliant because I... as you’ll soon realise, I love to chat. [laughs]

So yeah, I love it.

Knowledgeable about entitlements 

Good personal advisers invested time and care to help young people understand the local offer, funding, grants, council tax exemptions, and the support available in education or training.

Charlotte felt that personal advisers should have knowledge on what care leavers are entitled to (read by an actor).

Charlotte felt that personal advisers should have knowledge on what care leavers are entitled to (read by an actor).

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I feel like there should be... they should definitely be told by their PA, and the PA should have a better knowledge of the care offer in that area, and any changes that is made to it. But because it’s such a big... the care offer is such a big document, it should be, like, provided to care leavers, but maybe in a more, like, young person-friendly language – still with it being, like, legally correct –but maybe more like young person-friendly so they’re more likely to read it and understand it.

Helpful with practical tasks 

This included housing applications, setting up their home, securing furniture, applying for support, and getting essential items. 

Supportive emotionally 

Some personal advisers were the people care leavers felt they could talk to about worries, decisions, and crises.

Helen said she was able to go to her personal adviser with any worries she had (read by an actor).

Helen said she was able to go to her personal adviser with any worries she had (read by an actor).

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And how do you feel about them? Like, what do you trust about them? Why are... why are they a good person and that you feel like you can go to?

Like my PA. All people around them, I can trust them.

So, what does your PA do? You know, like how do they help you?

If I’m struggling with everything, she gave me like advice and things.

How often... how much do you see her?

If I want to, I can meet her like every three weeks, monthly.

If I need help, any time.

OK. But you can contact her if you need it.—

Yeah, I can contact her, I can go to her office as well.

OK, OK. So, it sounds like she’s a very good person to... to ask about, you know, anything that worries you or if you have a question.

Yeah.

Believing in young people and encouraging them 

Personal advisers sometimes helped young people plan for the future, prepare for university, or manage major transitions.

Jordan said his personal adviser had known him since he was younger and understood his trust issues, so he didn’t have to start again with someone new.

Jordan said his personal adviser had known him since he was younger and understood his trust issues, so he didn’t have to start again with someone new.

Age at interview: 24
Sex: Male
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I actually, I met my PA when I was younger because my PA actually was a worker in the residential that I lived at, when I was younger. So, she agreed to take me on because she said she knew me and that it wouldn’t... like, it wouldn’t be another professional that I have to talk to.

They didn’t know they were going to be my PA, if I... meant like they’d moved jobs, so they were working in the residential, and then she became a PA, so it wasn’t like a case of: ‘oh, she’s going to be my PA,’ it was just by chance.

OK. But you happened to know this person already?

At that... yeah, and she said because she knew me as a person from obviously being a child, I lacked trust in professionals, so she knew, like knowing me that I wouldn’t want to have to open up to another new professional who didn’t know me, to get to know me, whereas she knew me. So where like she had that relationship with me, so it was just able to carry on.

What made personal adviser support difficult 

Not all care leavers had positive experiences with their personal advisers. They described several challenges that made it hard to build trust or reply on their support. 

Too many changes in worker who have too many young people to support

Young people saw the pressure personal advisers were under. But changes in staff, high caseloads, and lack of communication meant that many care leavers didn’t feel supported.

Elle felt that personal advisers could better communicate with care leavers by checking in and letting them know when they were going to be off from work (read by an actor).

Elle felt that personal advisers could better communicate with care leavers by checking in and letting them know when they were going to be off from work (read by an actor).

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Yeah, I mean, I wish they would have kind of... [sighs] like, the period between face-to-face visits, I wish there had been more contact, like, better communication, better support. It doesn’t even have to be much, but, like... I don’t know, like, an update or a message once a week saying, “How are you? Is there anything I can do?” Like, literally a text message. It doesn’t have to be much. I just wish I had something, you know?

And, like, as well, my PA is my emergency contact, because I don’t have anyone else, so she’s my next of kin, but if she never answers the phone, what am I supposed to do? You know, so it’s just all these kind of things that are a huge struggle when it comes to that. But, like, I just wish she was easier to get ahold of, like, the one person that is supposed to be dealing with my entire life, and yet she’s so difficult to get ahold of on any day that isn’t, like, the one day every two months that she comes to see me. Because chances are, on that day, everything will be fine. And it’s like, what am I supposed to do if something goes wrong? And I just wish I’d been given a bit more, like, detailed support of: “If I don’t answer the phone, you can call this person. Or if I don’t answer the phone, we have a duty line for care leavers, or something,” you know? So just things like that.

Or, like, when you’re on leave, tell me you’re going on leave. Or if you’re off sick, I don’t know, have someone else fill in for you in meetings and things like that, and just don’t... don’t not show up at all. Like, things like that, I just wish there was communication, even if it was a bare minimum – I don’t mind – I just wish there was something, basically.

Lack of understanding 

Some care leavers felt personal advisers didn’t understand what being a care leaver was like and relied on textbook phrases when offering support which came across as dismissive rather than empathetic, especially when advisers could return to families and stable homes which care leavers didn’t have.

Chereece found it frustrating when new personal advisers tried to compare themselves, and appreciated the opportunity to interview new advisers.

Chereece found it frustrating when new personal advisers tried to compare themselves, and appreciated the opportunity to interview new advisers.

Age at interview: 22
Sex: Female
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I do the interviews: we do... In our local authority we have like three care leavers that interview the PAs before they get the job, so we have an input on that. And unfortunately, because they are reaching out for staff so much, but some of the workers that have come are absolutely dreadful. We’ve had them compare themselves to us, and money, and we’ve even had to put them on the spot and be like: “Well, you’re different to us. Have you got your parents?” “Yeah.” “Well, don’t sit there and compare yourself to, your situation to ours then.” It’s... it’s quite upsetting actually. Some of them... yeah, they’re really... they don’t stay in contact with the care leavers – they don’t.

Inconsistency around transitions 

Some young people didn’t know who to contact or when their personal adviser replaced their social worker. 

Elijah was never told when he should stop contacting his social worker and contact his personal adviser instead.

Elijah was never told when he should stop contacting his social worker and contact his personal adviser instead.

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Like, there were a lot of meetings in the runup to it, but there was never any specific time where I was explicitly told: “OK, from now on you contact your leaving care worker.” Because I was still under 18 when they did that transition, so I had a leaving care worker and a social worker from that leaving care team, but there was no point where they said, “OK, from now on you go to them and not like your Looked After Children’s worker.” So, for a while I didn’t know who I was supposed to go to, and it was very confusing, and they never really made that very clear.

Feeling judged or compared 

Care leavers talked about feeling hurt and invalidated when personal advisers compared their own lives to theirs, especially around money, family, or coping with hardship because it ignored the fact that advisers had very different safety nets. 

Trying to cope alone 

A few young people described feeling under pressure to cope on their own and to prove they could manage without help, even when it felt like things were falling apart. The focus on being independent meant they sometimes avoided asking for support, feeling they had to show they could handle everything alone, even when they needed someone to listen and check in with them.

Claire said that although her personal adviser tried to be supportive, she felt she needed to prove she could do everything alone. 

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Claire said that although her personal adviser tried to be supportive, she felt she needed to prove she could do everything alone. 

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In terms of the support you got at that really difficult time, what was your PA like in terms of the support they gave you?

Good, but I think that I was very, very stubborn, so I just wanted to do everything on my own; I just wanted to like just plan everything on my own. I was... I’d try not to ask for help because I was trying to prove to myself that I would do it on my own, rather than like getting their help; I’m a very, very stubborn person to start off with, so I think like—

Not stubborn, independent.

Yeah, uh-huh, so I think like a high emotion—

Yeah…language… yeah.

—situation, plus my stubborn and independenceness, it was just a bit of a crazy situation, yeah.

What young people wanted from their personal advisers 

The young people we spoke to said they wanted personal advisers who: 

  • Stayed long enough to build trust 
  • Listened properly and didn’t rush 
  • Understood care leavers’ lives 
  • Provided clear information and guidance 
  • Helped with both practical and emotional support 
  • Recognised that support needs to be personalised, not one-size-fits-all. 

Hussain felt his support from his personal adviser was more about ticking boxes than providing meaningful support (read by an actor).

Hussain felt his support from his personal adviser was more about ticking boxes than providing meaningful support (read by an actor).

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So, on that visit they’d come and just say, “Ah, so I’ve just got a few things that I need to go through. So, how’s your health?” Then they’d ask about  education. They’d just cover a few brief topics and make a few notes and off they went.  Like anything that they said they’d look into, you’d never hear back.  Then when you would ring a few weeks and so you couldn’t get through to them, and you asked duty and say, “Oh, ’cause they was supposed to look into this, and look into this, and look into this.” Well, there’s no actions on that visit, it doesn’t say that they were gonna need to do anything: ‘ah, so they just came to tick a box again.’

I remember when... I said... mentioned before, I barricaded myself in and the social worker needed to do a visit, and she rang me and said, “Just come to the window and just... you don’t have to let us in, just show me yourself at the window and once I’ve seen you, I’ll drive off, I just need to see you so I can just  tick that I’ve done my statutory visit.”

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