Living with dementia and memory problems
What is dementia?
- Types of dementia
- Mild cognitive impairment
- Other causes of cognitive impairment and memory loss
Dementia is a condition that affects cognition (how the brain works). This often means forgetfulness but can also affect thinking and understanding, language and word-finding, or mood and behaviour. Dementia is a group of related symptoms rather than one type of disease. There are many types of disease that can cause dementia – the most common is Alzheimer’s.
Trish explains that Alzheimer’s is one type of dementia.
Trish explains that Alzheimer’s is one type of dementia.
It was, but also at that stage she said to me, “Well Howard has Alzheimer’s.” And I said, “Well I thought he had dementia.” She said, “Well he has, he’s got Alzheimer’s.” But you see – we, I didn’t understand, I now understand dementia is the umbrella name, as cancer is, and the type of dementia Howard has is Alzheimer’s, so, and we’re reasonably intelligent people but I had not twigged to that and nobody, you know, nobody actually sort of explained to me, and I now know there’s like ninety to a hundred different types of dementia.
Dementia is a progressive condition which means it gets worse over time. Medication is available that can slow down the decline so that people may be able to carry on being independent for longer.
Some types of dementia
In this section, people tell us about different types of dementia. We cannot describe every type of dementia because there are many causes of dementia and everyone experiences it differently but here is a range of experiences that people told us about. If you are worried about yourself or someone else, it is important to speak to a GP.
It is not always easy to find out exactly what is causing dementia. Maxine was advised to have a Fludeoxyglucose (FDG) PET scan.
And he said “well there is some cognitive impairment” and there’s only, there’s, the statistics showed that it was about a 50-50 chance, either that it was just Mild Cognitive Impairment, as I get older or it could be dementia and Alzheimer’s probably and the only way to find out was to have a PET scan. So, the PET scan happened and the neurologist went away on holiday which was very inconvenient of him [laughs]. But eventually, I rang the hospital and said “can I find out the result” and they actually emailed me and said, “you’ve got Alzheimer’s” [laughs]. And some people might say that’s a dreadful thing to do, but actually for me, given who I am, and what my approach to this is, it was absolutely fine because by the time I saw him, which was a week or so later, I had time to process it.A PET scan showed Maxine had early Alzheimer’s disease.
A PET scan showed Maxine had early Alzheimer’s disease.
Sometimes people are told they have mixed dementia, this is when there is more than one disease causing the symptoms, for example, Alzheimer’s and Vascular Dementia.
After an MRI, Ray was told he had mixed dementia.
After an MRI, Ray was told he had mixed dementia.
So, what was the diagnosis that you were given?
Barbara: Do you remember?
Ray: Was it – well there were two things weren’t there?
Barbara: Yeah, you know what they were?
Ray: Yeah, but I can’t remember what they were called.
Barbara: [Laughs] It was, it was mixed dementia, Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia.
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is often identified in younger people, under the age of 65. One of the first signs may be personality change. Richard has FTD, he told us he used to be a very sociable person but his character has changed.
A type of dementia that is similar to Alzheimer’s is Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA).
Derek describes the spatial problems with PCA.
Derek describes the spatial problems with PCA.
Lorraine: Well [name], one guy there, he’s ten years older than Derek and he’s got vascular dementia, but he helps Derek [laughs] and he’ll do you cups of tea.
Derek: Yeah.
Lorraine: And he just looks out for Derek, which is nice.
Derek: Basically with, with the cup of tea, it, if I, if I make one myself and then I try and put it down, I don’t know whether I’ve took it too far along and then.
Lorraine: Oh it’s.
Derek: I look back and it’s all on the floor because I’ve missed where I should have put it.
Lorraine: With, yeah, with the PCA Alzheimer’s, you know, it’s to do; like, you know, edges of tables can be a problem. In fact, I found a very good film on it the other night, didn’t I?
Derek: You did, yeah.
Lorraine: On the internet – was it; oh something, I Can See You, or something like that. But it was very interesting about the actual PCA.
Derek: Yeah.
Lorraine: And listening to people with PCA Alzheimer’s, describing how they see things, and the ultimate thing that’s said at the end by one guy is, “I can see but I can’t see,” and; because obviously the messages from the brain for Derek, so such as judging distance for things or even reaching out for something can be difficult for Derek.
Derek: Mm hmm.
Lewy body dementia and Parkinson’s disease are closely related conditions. Diagnosis may depend on what sort of symptoms are noticed first. Phil first saw the neurologist about his memory problems but they also noticed signs of Parkinson. He is diagnosed with Lewy body dementia.
Phil contacted his GP because of his memory problems.
Phil contacted his GP because of his memory problems.
So, which came first, the diagnosis of Lewy Bodies or Parkinson’s?
Right, so I can tell you the entire story; would that, would that help if, if I told you my, my, my entire diagnosis?
I didn’t think, I didn’t think I had dementia, I didn’t think I had Alzheimer’s in particular, I, let’s, let’s say that I didn’t think I had Alzheimer’s and I had all of the tests, was then seen by the consultant psychologist within the community mental health team who said, “Well I think you’ve got mild cognitive impairment; however I also would like you to be seen by a neurologist because you, there is a slight tremor and I think it would be useful.”
Eric first noticed unsteadiness and physical problems, he was diagnosed with Parkinson’s.
Eric has been told his cognitive problems are related to Parkinson’s.
Eric has been told his cognitive problems are related to Parkinson’s.
Eric: I mean I know my brain isn’t working as well as it used to. I just feel uncomfortable with it sometimes.
And so did that sort of prompt you to go to the GP about it?
Eric: Well I went, well I was having trouble with balancing, wasn’t I, and?
Ros: Yes.
So, is there a, was there a connection to, you said you were sort of feeling a bit wobbly, is, is there a connection between those things?
Eric: I think there is a, there, it’s, it’s happening, I mean things are changing, I, I know, and I’m really not able to do what I was able to do before, which is a bit disturbing.
Ros: It was the beginning of Parkinson’s, which includes being a bit unsteady, but really, really.
Eric: It’s my walking I’ve got.
Ros: Walking, yeah.
Eric: Noticed and.
Ros: Mm.
So, did you – have you had a diagnosis of Parkinson’s, is that the?
Eric: I think I’ve had a definite, haven’t I, been told I’ve got Parkinson’s?
Ros: Mm, cognitive problems.
Eric: Oh yes, cognitive, well, well. And I’m supposed to do exercises every day and, and try and do, remember to do things. I, it tends to make you a bit unable to do things [laughs] that sounds a silly thing to say – things that you think you didn’t think, think about, twice about in the past you find you’re having to work at and it, it just doesn’t come out right and I think you think my judgement on things changes.
Ros: Yes, it has.
Do you want to describe what you mean by that?
Eric: Well, when you’re making decisions about, well say, say moving there’s a lot to decide and I’m pretty awful at that sort of thing now. And my, my job was a lot to do with decisions when I was doing it and I think I did it reasonably well [laughs], but I couldn’t do it now, I no way I could tackle being an actuary now.
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
MCI is a term to describe cognitive problems that are not severe enough to be diagnosed as dementia. MCI can have many causes. It may be the early stages of dementia or, in some cases, the memory problem might be caused by something that could be treated, for example an infection or anxiety. Seeing a doctor will help to find out what the problem is and if treatment can help.
Paul has been told his memory problems are Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
Paul has been told his memory problems are Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
We did go, [wife] and I went to see some bloke across the other side of [City] but I don’t remember who he was now, and indeed it wasn’t until perhaps a week ago that [wife] reminded me that we’d seen this fella.
Ah that’s where we learnt about mild cognitive whatever it is.
Impairment?
Yeah [laughs] impairment. I find, I’ll have to, I’ll have to, M, mild, see I’ve already forgotten; MCI, is it known as MCI?
Sometimes, yeah.
I’ll have to remember it as MCI then, it, it’ll, then I’ll be forced to remember it, you know, like a crossword puzzle [laughs].
Yeah. So, so that was maybe?
That was about a year ago now and in the hope that what he might be able to advise would help my memory, but I’d just forgotten, to be honest, until recently I’d forgotten all about the fact that I ever went there. I don’t know whether, see I was always a keen do-it-yourselfer [coughs] always a, excuse me, always a practical hands-on sort of guy and, you know, when you’ve got things to think about like that you, you don’t have time to worry about your memory dissipating or sort of going do you?
Other causes of memory loss or cognitive impairment
Some people have told us that the problem their memory, or brain fog, is due to other illnesses and medication. This might mean that the memory loss can get better if they change their medication or control other aspects of their health.
Christine has been told she hasn’t got dementia but living every day with memory problems is a worry for her. She tried stopping her medication which helped her memory but the pain was too bad.
I knew that when you got older that you couldn’t remember things; it was something that people always said to each other, you know, “Ooh, I can’t think, I get upstairs and I can’t, I, what have I come for?” sort of thing. But I was realising that I couldn’t remember things from a min, a second ago, in my head, I’m going to do that now, and I, I thought that was really strange, you know, that I; this wasn’t like normal, like just going upstairs, it was like I needed to do that, it was important, and it was only a second ago I thought it and then it’s gone from my memory. I found that I was missing my words and, really badly, and forgetting people’s names that I was sitting opposite. It would be that sort of thing that really got to me. I mentioned it to my husband at the time and he said, “Oh no, no, everybody does that, don’t, don’t worry about it, don’t worry about it.” I said, “I am worried about it,” I said, “it’s not just normal.” And so, I went down to the doctors and I said, “I’m really worried about this, I can’t remember things.” So, I was put on a, given a test that they give you at the doctors and I was fine, and they said, “It’s not your mem, it’s not your, your memory, it’s your tablets, you’re on such-and-such, Pregabalin makes you forget, it relaxes the nerves in the body, you have it for your neuropathy because it relaxes the nerves and then it; so, you don’t remember things as well. Well, when I went to see the, the consultant of neuropathy he said, I told him about it and he said, “Oh you’ve got, you’re not to worry about that, that is your tablets.”‘Brain fog’ is related to the medication Christine takes for pain.
‘Brain fog’ is related to the medication Christine takes for pain.
Soraya doesn’t want to know yet exactly what is causing her memory problems.
Soraya doesn’t want to know yet exactly what is causing her memory problems.
I think I won’t give into it until I really, really have to. And it may not be Alzheimer’s, it may not be dementia – it could be, it could be just accumulative, just masses of stress, it could be my diabetes, but I am a coward when it comes to the mind things, yeah.
Some of this information is from the NHS website and the Alzheimer’s Society.
Copyright © 2024 University of Oxford. All rights reserved.
