MS: talking about end of life

Most people who have Multiple Sclerosis (MS) are diagnosed in their 20s and 30s and, like people without MS, most will live for decades. This means that it is not right to think of MS as a terminal condition in the same way that, for example, certain aggressive cancers are considered terminal. But MS can cause serious disability over time and some of the symptoms associated with severe MS can be life threatening. Care and support can help minimise the risks of death from severe symptoms.

Progressive MS (primary and secondary) is often associated with more severe symptoms. Increasing immobility raises the risk of chest and urinary tract infections. Infections can be serious and some can be fatal*. But there are people with primary progressive MS who live a long and fulfilling life. Equally, there are a very small number of people who experience aggressive and severe relapsing remitting MS.

Living with the uncertainty of advanced or aggressive MS can be hard. People may feel torn between wanting to get on with everyday life, not thinking too far ahead, and preparing themselves for what might happen.

The doctor implied to Kay that her brother might die within 12 months. She appreciates that both the neurologist and the GP have been open about this. The conversations are upsetting but it helps to be a little prepared.

Age at interview 38

Gender Female

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Alice tries to live from day to day, rather than dwelling on the past or the future. She doesn’t talk about dying in front of her friend, who is her former partner.

Age at interview 35

Gender Female

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Alices friend, her former partner, has 24 hour care at home. Sometimes it has seemed that he is close to death but he keeps fighting back’ from various infections.

Age at interview 35

Gender Female

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Kay is her brother’s only sibling, and both their parents died a few years ago, so she does think about the practicalities of what to do when her brother dies:

Although she feels, quite macabre thinking about funerals, Kay has to plan for the future, because she is her brother’s next-of-kin. She finds it hard to engage him in thinking about it without depressing him.

Age at interview 38

Gender Female

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Alice doesn’t talk about dying to her friend, though all the professionals involved in his care regard him as being what she calls ‘end-stage.’ But she has tried in various ways to prepare him, and herself, for his death. She organised a party for him a couple of years ago, a big celebration which she talks about as a ‘living funeral’ which she says was ‘therapeutic for everybody.’ She sometimes tells him (he can’t talk now, but she thinks he can still hear her) that if he ‘is exhausted, don’t be strong just for me’.

Sometimes the expectation or the experience of profound disability leads people to thinking about ending their life. Some people talked about the option of assisted dying at the Dignitas clinic in Switzerland. John S thought his wife would be more likely to go into a hospice if ‘her situation gets worse,’ than want to end her own life. Alice said her friend had a ‘short-lived phase’ of wanting to end his life. Ian and his wife had talked, even before she had MS, about considering this in a future where either of them might be incapacitated. Kay thinks she ‘would have wanted to go to that clinic in Switzerland a long time ago, because I don’t think I would want to be like that,’ (disabled as much as her brother).

Ian and his wife are hopeful that her recent treatment for CCSVI will improve her condition. All the discussions and thoughts they’ve had about assisted dying are on the back burner’ at this stage.

Age at interview 57

Gender Male

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John is sympathetic to the idea that a person’s life might become a burden to them, but his religious background makes him wonder if it can be right to take your own life.

Age at interview 63

Gender Male

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Kay highlights a dilemma in the timing of decision-making for people who choose assisted dying. Her brother would now be incapable of making the decision.

Age at interview 38

Gender Female

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Alices friend was very clear’ about wanting to end his life at one point but, she says, he read the leaflets, then put them away. And, two years later, he is content.

Age at interview 35

Gender Female

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Other people talked about whether the person with MS might want to commit suicide independently, and one carer talked about his own suicidal thoughts and feelings.

Dave has felt suicidal but has always decided against killing himself because apart from being, he says, a coward. You don’t want to, because you’ve got somebody depending on you.

Age at interview 73

Gender Male

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Mike is worried that his wife might be tempted to kill herself and they have agreed that he should look after her medicines to prevent her from taking an overdose.

Age at interview 51

Gender Male

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Christine asked her friend directly if he ever thought about committing suicide, because he seems to be on the depressive side. He said that he wouldn’t want to do that,’ but she is not so sure that he wouldn’t.

Age at interview 50

Gender Female

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*We are grateful to the MS Society for permission to use extracts from an internal document on ‘end of life terminology’ in writing this section.

(Also see ‘MS: dealing with emotions‘ and ‘MS: feelings of loss, grief and bereavement‘).

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