Challenging behaviour

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In the medical field, challenging behaviour seen in people living with dementia may come under the umbrella term ‘behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia’ or BPSD. The symptoms that can come under this term are: agitation, aggression, wandering, hoarding, sexual disinhibition, shouting, repeated questioning, sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety and psychosis. The researchers discussed this term with the public members who advised on the study and decided to refer to the person living with dementia as acting ‘out of character’. Here, the behaviour and psychological symptoms that carers talked about will be referred to as being ‘out of character’, with further explanations of what occurred and how the carer themselves adapted during this difficult time.

Every person’s journey will differ and the person living with dementia may not exhibit any of the symptoms we describe here. However, we felt it was important to share the experiences of carers who had particular difficulty in supporting the person with dementia when they acted ‘out of character’ for long periods of time.

Marian describes how a loved one acting out of character can cause upset.

Marian talks about her mother’s out of character temper

Mary who is helping to care for her sister-in-law describes the difficulty in calming her sister-in-law when she is emotionally upset.

Mary explains about her sister-in-law’s reaction when upset

One person described how difficult she found it, to not get upset when her husband became hostile towards her.

Trying to accept that her husband’s out of character behaviour towards her was a symptom of his illness.

Age at interview 87

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 80

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Dave who cares for his father realised his father would become unsettled in his own home after giving up sequence dancing, a daily part of his routine.

Dave describes the negative change in his father when he went back home

Julie who is caring for her friend in the same town, describes the inappropriate comments her friend makes and the embarrassment she feels around other people.

Julie talks about her friend’s inappropriate comments to others

One person described her concern as her husband made embarrassing overtures towards young girls.

Was not prepared for her husband’s inappropriate behaviour.

Age at interview 61

Gender Female

Age at diagnosis 70

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Carol who cares for her partner talks about her partner having visual distortions and how it can affect his thoughts and well-being.

Carol talks about her partner’s visual distortions and how he must feel

Some behaviours that were seen in the earlier years of a person living with dementia may become increasingly uncontrolled when memory problems begin. Johnny talks about his experiences trying to limit his partner’s alcohol drinking that was getting out of hand.

Johnny explains about his partner’s whiskey drinking

There are times when outside support from a care agency can be difficult, particularly when a person living with dementia’s actions pose a danger to themselves or others. Ellie talks about the difficulty of managing home care for her mother when they began to employ care workers to support her.

Ellie talks about her mother’s reaction to care workers in the home

For some people living with dementia, they may need extra support to keep their home tidy. However, some people described difficulty coping with the level of clutter they witnessed.

Julie who is supporting her friend in the same town describes the state of her friend’s house. She takes on the responsibility of taking care of the bills.

Julie explains about managing the day-to-day with her friend and the clutter in the house

Andrew recalled receiving a call from the police that his mother was living in a bad state. Her home was a fire risk and needed fire services to step in.

Andrew describes the level of clutter in his mother’s house

Some people talked about the ‘out of character’ behaviour of people living with dementia was serious enough for the person to be admitted to mental health services.

Neil who is caring for his civil life partner described how his partner was sectioned under the Mental Health Act and hospitalised. The type of behaviour his partner was displaying eventually became a risk to continuing home care.

Neil talks about his civil life partner’s out of character behaviour when he was discharged back home

Ellie who was supporting her mother, experienced difficulty managing home care with care workers. After a risk assessment, her mother was sectioned and hospitalised under the Mental Health Act.

Ellie’s mother was sectioned and hospitalised after doctors assessed the home care risk with care agencies

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